Marine Engineering

MARPOL Annex VI regulations include caps on sulfur content of fuel oil as a measure to control SOx emissions and, indirectly, Particulate Matter(PM) emissions (there are no explicit PM emission limits).  Special fuel quality provisions exist for SOx Emission Control Areas (ECA). The applicable sulfur limits set forth by Annex VI for ships operating globally as well as in ECA area's along with implementation dates are listed  Outside Special Area Before 1st Jan 2012=4.5% sulphur m/m After 1st Jan 2012=3.5% sulphur m/m After 1st Jan 2020=0.5% sulphur m/m Inside Special Area Before 1st July 2010=1.5% sulphur m/m After 1st July 2010=1.0% sulphur m/m After 1st Jan 2015=0.10% sulphur m/m Heavy fuel oil (HFO) is allowed provided it meets the applicable sulfur limit (i.e., there is no mandate to use distillate fuels). Alternative measures are also allowed (in ECAs and globally) to reduce sulphur emissions, such as using scrubbers. For example, in lieu of using the 1.5...

In order to reduce the harmful effects on the marine environment that are spread through aquatic micro organisms transferred from one area to another through ballasting operations of the ship, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted a convention in order to control and manage ships ballast and sediments ion on 13th February 2004. Which entered  into force on 8 September 2017. Port state authorities from around the world implemented their own requirements for ballasting and de-ballasting operation for ships sailing in their terrestrial water. To simplify the requirement of the control of ballast water problem, a “ballast water management plan” was introduced which was to be used and implemented on board sailing vessels entering international waters. Contents of Ballast Water Management Plan: The ballast water management plan includes the following: International rules and regulations for different port state controls all over the world. Location of ports p...

The Flag State of a ship is the State under whose laws the vessel is registered or licensed. Flag State denotes the government whose flag the ship is entitled to fly. Normally a vessel will usually bear the flag of the country with which she has closest connections. Although other considerations such as commercial interestor in some cases the terms of a ship’s chartering  government contracts could determine the flag to be flown by a vessel. The Flag state has the authority and the  responsibility to enforce international  maritime regulations over vessels  registered under its flag, including  those relating to inspection, certification  and issuance of safety and pollution  prevention documents Flag States also have the responsibility  of implementing and enforcing rules  adopted by other inter governmental  bodies, including International Labour  Organization ( ILO)and International oil...

1. The PSCO should endeavour to secure the rectification of all deficiencies detected. 2. In the case of deficiencies which are clearly hazardous to safety or the environment, the PSCO should ensure that the hazard is removed before the ship is allowed to proceed to sea. For this purpose, appropriate action should be taken, which may include detention or a formal prohibition of a ship to continue an operation due to established deficiencies which, individually or together, would render the continued operation hazardous. 3. Where deficiencies which caused a detention and cannot be remedied in the port of inspection, the port State Authority may allow the ship concerned to proceed to the nearest appropriate repair yard available, as chosen by the master and agreed to by that authority, provided that the conditions agreed between the port State Authority and the flag State are compl...

Port State Control is the inspection foreign flag ships in national ports to verify that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of international regulations and that the ship is manned and operated in compliance with these rules.The inspection is done by officers representing the national Port State Authority or Maritime Administration in each country.

Purpose of boiler water treatment Prevent corrosion of boiler tubes and shell Prevent scale formation and hence maintain heat transfer rates. Control sludge formation within the boiler. Control foaming and priming. Prevent entry of foreign matter, oil etc. into the boiler via feed system Extend boiler survey to the maximum allowed. FOLLOWING TESTS ARE CARRIED OUT:- Boiler water tests are therefore done to ensure that the chemical levels are maintained as required. Chlorides : This is a measure of presence of Chlorides, usually an indication of contamination of Boiler water with sea water.( Sodium Chloride / Calcium or Magnesium Chloride ) . This results in increased scale formation, acidity and boiler priming.  Normal levels: Chlorides < 300 ppm.   What to do if chloride content increases beyond normal value.? Check for leakages of SW into the system, mainly from atmospheric condenser leak and rectify any leaks found. Blowdown at regular...

Synthetic Lube Oil Mineral Lube Oil Synthetic oils can be a amalgamation of man-made oil + mineral oil or fully man made oil. Mineral oil is basically a derivative of petroleum products which is then refined to its usable form.  Expensive as compared to mineral oil. Less expensive Can withstand high temperatures. Can’t withstand high temperature They are the best, they provide highest level of protection for engine components. They provide the least protection to engine components. Can withstand high temperature & Lasts much longer than mineral oil. Can’t withstand high temperature Synthetic oils do not allow engine components to wear as much as mineral oil thus they are not suitable during break in periods. Suitable for machinery having break in periods. Since it allows engine components to wear evenly

Super long stroke means increased swept volume allowing more mass of air to be drawn into the cylinder which in turn allows more fuel to be burnt, hence increasing power output. Super long stroke increases piston travel time and thereby decreases crank speed so more time for combustion during the stroke. The efficiency of Large dia propellers is best at slower RPM.With super long stroke we can have slower RPM of engine with no change in mean piston speed of the engine. Classification of engine based on stroke/bore ratio: Short stroke : 2.6-3.2 Long stroke : 3.2-4.0 Super-Long stroke : 4.0-4.7 Ultra-Long stroke : >4.7 These engines allow for low quality of fuel to be burnt as there is more time available for fuel combustion. With increase in stroke length we have an advantage of burning dirty fuel/low grade fuel at min rev/low speed with good efficiency. This also results in proper utilization of fuel resulting in reduction of NOx generatio...

1. Ensure that the main and auxiliary machinery is in working condition. If any machinery was opened up for overhaul, it has been boxed up and tried out for satisfactory operation. Ensure fuel oil settling and service tanks are full.  Main air receiver is pressed up and drained of water. Start and take on load second generator.  Start all the pumps required for main engine and check for correct pressure and flow as required. Start lub.oil purifier if not already running. 2. Following Controls have to be tested (a) Steering gear to be tried out with both motors individually, movement of the hydraulic rams & rudder stock is smooth and not jerky (jerky movement indicates air in the system), there is no leakage of oil from telemotor receiver or the rams, any greasing points have been greased, helm indicators on bridge and in steering compartment are showing same degree of helm, and the communication between bridge/ steering compartment/engine room is in order. ...

During sampling continuous drip samples to be taken from the vessel manifold by means of automatic sampling device in four containers of 1 litre capacity each.  These container are to be sealed and one to be forwarded to laboratory for analysis, one to be given to the fuel supplier, one to be kept as marpol sample and one to be kept on-board. If possible new bunker not to be used till test results of the bunker analysis is received. It is important that self test is carried out in the early stages of bunkering using fuel test kit provided on board. Ignition characteristic of the oil (CCAI) should be checked to ensure that the fuel complies with ISO standard 8217.Max. Allowable values are 1. Water content at viscosity 180/380=1%2. Density at 15 C=0.9913. CCAI value=850-875 or above.If any of the results are not within the range, bunkering to be stopped and ship manager, supplier to be informed.

Anti-fouling Coatings Traditional antifouling type known as CDP (Controlled Depletion Polymer) is high rosin based that dissolves slowly in seawater. The useful lifetime of CDP paints is usually limited to 36 months. This can be extended by regular underwater scrubbing to remove the leached layer and rejuvenate the paint film but the effectiveness of such cleaning may be limited with respect to time. Two main high-performance polymer-based tin-free SPC (Self Polishing Co-polymers) technologies in current use are namely metal acrylate co-polymers and silyl acrylate co-polymers. The performance of certain current copper acrylate SPC products are understood to be at least equivalent to TBT-SPC products (TBT-SPC products are banned) that were in use prior to 2003.  While the above mentioned two types of antifouling coatings have biocides release properties, it can only be expected that the trend for increasing legislation in this area will eventually lead to removal ...

Below Procedure will come very handy for seafarers which have to deposits any particular fees for anything related to MMD's in India. As MMD's is going for all online transaction to ease up the process. And it might save your 100-200 Rupees which you will pay to the shops outside of MMD's if you dont know these things for on-line payment. If i got anything wrong, feel free to connect us at  https://meoexamz.com  and plz share this post as it might be useful for others also. Follow below steps for on-line transaction : 1. Open the NTRP site by: https://bharatkosh.gov.in/ 2. Choose Non-Registered Users.Also, you can register by Login, by creating ID and Password. 3. Select Depositors category as Individual or Autonomous body or PSU or Ministry, Department etc for Seafarers select Individual . 4. Click on Search button on  Purpose , in ministry select  Shipping  and Search. 5. Select Payment to your concerned M...

1.Any IC engine of cylinder diameter of 200 mm or a crankcase volume of 0.6 m3 and above shall be provide with crankcase relief valve of a suitable type with sufficient relief area. 2.In large engine, cylinder diameter more than 300mm, require one relief valve to be placed on each crankcase door. 3.In small engine, cylinder diameter not more than 300mm, crankcase door of which are usually very strong. It may have relief valve or valves at its end. 4.Its free area should not be smaller than 45cm2 and there shall be minimum of 115cm2 /m3 of the gross crankcase volume. 5.Spring setting for opening pressure is 0.07 bar at an internal pressure and will close when the pressure has been relieved. 6.The valves should open smartly and close positively and rapidly. 7. The relief valves shall be arranged or provided with means to ensure that discharge from them is so directed as to minimize the possibility of injury to personnel.

The incoming refrigerant temperature is low and chances of emerging hot spots is low. Crankcase forms the suction chamber of the compressor and chances exist that the compressor may draw in air and moisture. There is no O 2  available inside the crankcase of reefer plant which can lead to explosion.

It present the concept of an indicator for the energy efficiency of a ship It can be used to establish a consistent approach for voluntary use of an EEOI as its not mandatory. It will assist ship-owners/operators in the evaluation of the performance of their fleet with regard to CO2 emissions. Ship-owners are invited to implement either these Guidelines or an equivalent method in their environmental management systems. To provide assistance in the process of establishing a mechanism to achieve the limitation or reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships in operation. It present the concept of an indicator for the energy efficiency of a ship in operation, as an expression of efficiency expressed in the form of CO2 emitted per unit of transport work. These are intended to provide an example of a calculation method which could be used as an objective, performance-based approach to monitoring the efficiency of a ship’s operation. When using the EEOI as a performance indicator, the i...