Marine Engineering

A thread is a groove that in the case of fasteners is typically of a vee form. Enlarging a section of a thread it can be observed as a series of ridges and hollows. Specific names are given to parts of the thread. The crest is the topmost section of the thread. The root is the bottom of the thread. The thread flanks lie between the roots and crest of the threads. The major diameter of a thread is, for an external thread, the diameter over the crests of the thread. For an internal thread it is the diameter over the thread roots. The pitch diameter cannot be directly measured since there is no marking or indication on the thread to measure. To explain the pitch diameter, it is first necessary to understand what the pitch is.   For inch threads, the pitch is defined as the number of threads per inch - or tpi. With metric threads the pitch is directly specified. The pitch diameter is the diameter on the thread that the space between the threads is equal to the space across the t

While various kinds of regulations are being enforced to inhibit the emission of atmospheric pollutants from ships, other controls are being imposed on sulfur content in fuel oils to restrict the emission of sulfur oxides (SOx) and particulate matter (PM) included in exhaust gases of diesel engines, boilers and so on. Because of these controls, the low sulfur fuel oil, which is a distillate of gas oil, etc is being demanded in ships that were using mainly low-grade residual oil until now. With the use of low sulfur fuel oil, new issues are now being pointed out in machinery in which the use of such oil was not envisaged during the design stage of the inherent properties of this oil. Thus, measures are needed to ensure safe operation. Low Sulfur Fuel Oil: Low sulfur fuel oil that generally complies with regulations include Marine Gas Oil (MGO) defined as DMA, DMX, DMZ grade and Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) defined as DMB grade in ISO 8217. Characteristics of Low Sulphur Fuel Oil: L

List of certificates and documents required onboard MARPOL Annex IV: International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate: Vessels≥400 GT or carrying more than 15 persons Result of calculation of moderate rate of discharge in accordance with MEPC: Vessels≥400 GT or carrying more than 15 persons fitted with a sewage holding tank for untreated sewage MARPOL Annex V: Garbage Management Plan: Vessels≥400 GT or carrying more than 15 persons Garbage Record Book: Vessels≥400 GT or carrying more than 15 persons MARPOL Annex VI: International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate: Vessels≥400 GT platforms and drilling rigs Engine International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate: Marine diesel engines≥130 KW

List of Certificates and Documents required as per MARPOL Annex II Certificates: International Certificates of Fitness for the Carriage of Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk: Chemical tankers built on or after 1 July 1986 Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk: Vessels carrying dangerous chemicals in bulk, built before 1 July 1986 International Pollution Prevention Certificate for the Carriage of Noxious Liquid Substance in Bulk: Vessels carrying noxious liquid substance in bulk and not holding a certificate of fitness Certificate if Fitness for Offshore Support Vessels: Offshore support vessels carrying limited amounts of noxious liquid substance in bulk Plan & Documents: Procedure and Arrangement Manual: Vessels carrying noxious liquid substance in bulk Cargo Record Book: Vessels carrying noxious liquid substance in bulk Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan for Noxious Liquid Substance: Vessels≥150 GT certified noxious liquid substan

List of certificates and documents required onboard as per Marpol annex I Certificates: International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate(IOPP): Oil Tankers≥150 GT & Other vessels≥400 GT Plan & Documents: Dedicated Clean Ballast Tank OperatioN Manual: Existing Product Carriers≥40,000 TDW operating with dedicated clean ballast water tanks Operations and Equipment Manual for Crude Oil Washing Systems: Existing crude oil tankers≥40,000 TDW & New crude oil tankers≥20,000TDW Record of Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control System for the Last Ballast Voyage: Oil tankers≥150 GT Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control System Operational Manual: Oil tankers≥150 GT Oil Record Book, Part 1(Machinery Space Operations): Oil tankers≥150 GT & Other vessels≥400 GT Oil Record Book, Part 2(Cargo/Ballast Operations): Oil tankers≥150 GT Damage/Survival Capability Information: Oil tankers, Chemical tankers, Gas carriers≥150 GT Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan: Oil tan

List of certificates and documents required onboard as per SOLAS: Certificates: Passenger Ship Safety Certificate: Passenger vessels carrying more than 12 passenger Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate: Cargo vessels≥500 GT Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate: Cargo vessels≥500 GT Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate: Cargo vessels≥300 GT Cargo Ship Safety Certificate: Cargo vessels≥500 GT International Ship Security Certificate: Cargo vessels≥500 GT & Passenger vessels Exemption Certificate: Cargo vessels≥500 GT & Passenger vessels Documents of compliance with the special requirements for ships carrying dangerous goods: Vessels carrying dangerous goods Minimum Safe Manning Certificate: Cargo vessels≥500GT & Passenger vessels Document of Authorization for the Carriage of Grain: Vessels carrying grain in bulk International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk: Vessels carrying dangerous chemicals in bulk, built on

Those certificates which are required by the law with respect to safety and environment protection that the vessel is required to comply with, are called statutory certificates. Statutory certificate will be issued by the society under the authority of the flag state of the ship. Statutory Certificates International Load Line Certificate: 5 Years Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate: 5 Years Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate: 5 Years Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate: 5 Years Cargo Ship Safety Certificate: 5 Years Passenger Ship Safety Certificate: 1 Years Exemption Certificate International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate: 5 Years International Pollution Prevention Certificate for the Carriage of Noxious Liquid Substance: 5 Years International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases in bulk: 5 Years International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk: 5 Years Certificates in Compliance with the I