Marine Engineering

1. According to the ISM code the company should make documented procedures to identify describe and respond to potential emergency shipboard situations. The company should establish programme for drills and exercises to prepare for emergency actions. The safety Management System (SMS) should provide for measures ensuring that the company’s organization can respond at any time to hazards accidents and emergency situations involving its ships. 2. As the fire fighting is to carried out on the deck of a ship in dry dock there are several hurdles to fire fighting. Major jobs are being carried out, thus most primary muster stations may not be suitable for muster log. Also, some repairs may be in progress on the vessels general emergency alarm system and thus alarm may not be available there is a possibility that some ships crew have availed of shore leave. Also, several shore gangs are working at different locations ships fire fighting appliances may have gone ashore for pr. Testing/re...

UNCLOS stands for United Nations conventions on the laws of the sea. It was the outcome of the third UN conference in 1982 and came into force internationally on 16th November 1994. The UNCLOS replaces the older and weaker 'freedom of the seas' concept. The UNCLOS provides a universal legal framework for the National management of marine resources and their conservation. The treaty document consists of 446 articles grouped under 17 part headings and 9 Annexes. One of the functions of UNCLOS is to allocate responsibility to states for setting some standards and enforcing the same standards in various maritime zones to reduce/control the sources of pollution. The necessity of UNCLOS was in order To promote peaceful uses of the seas and ocean To facilitate international communication To enable equitable and efficient utilization of oceans resources To protect and preserve The marine environment To protect promote maritime safety Important highlight/salient features ...

There are various types of marine insurance policies available and they could broadly be classified into 5 types. Time policy - Insures property for a period of time. Voyage policy - It insures property from one place to another it may include a date limit. Mixed policy - It covers both a voyage and a period of time of voyage and in port after arrival. Construction policy - It insures vessels while in course of construction not for a period of time. Floating policy - cargo policy that insures a number of shipments. In Canada & US, this policy is continuous and covers all shipments to a limit of liability for any 1 loss. The marine insurance policies that a ship owner can take are 1) Hull & machinery policy 2) Protection & indemnity cover. The insurance policies for a cargo owner include 1) Marine cargo insurance 2) Goods in transit insurance. Hull and machinery policies : These are usually time policies with a maximum period of 12 months. Normally the it...

Treaty: A treaty is a written international agreement between two states (a bilateral  treaty) or between a number of states (a multilateral treaty), which is binding  in international law. In relation to shipping matters, the chief international treaty-making bodies  are an internationally accepted organization such as the United Nations or  one of its agencies, such as IMO, ILO, WHO or ITU. A treaty normally enters into force in accordance with criteria incorporated  into the treaty itself, e.g. 1 year after a stipulated number of states have  acceded to it (by signature of a government representative). A treaty signed by a state government generally has no effect in the national  law of the state until there has been an act of ratification or accession and the  treaty has been incorporated by statute into the national law of the state. Conventions: Means coming together for a common objective A convention is a set of agreed, st...

1. The bill lading is the declaration of the master of the vessel by which he acknowledges that he received the goods on board of his ship and assures that he will carry the goods to the place of destination for delivery, in the same condition as he received them against handing of the original bill of lading. 2. The definition of a bill of lading given in the ―HAMBURG RULES is the following. BILL OF LADING means a document which evidence a contract of carriage by sea and the taking over of loading of the goods by the carrier, and by which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrender of the document. 3. A provision in the document that the goods are to be delivered to the order of a named person, or to order or o bearer, constitutes such an undertaking. 4. The bill of lading serves as a a) A receipt of the goods by the ship-owner acknowledging that the goods of the stated species, quantity and conditions are shipped to a stated destination in a certain ship o...

General Average: 1. General average is an ancient form of spreading the risk of sea transport and existed long before marine insurance. General average means general loss‘, as opposed to a particular loss under marine insurance. 2. It is defined in the rules of YORK-ANTWERP rule as ― There is a general average act when and only when any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for their purpose of preserving from peril, the property involved in a common maritime adventure. 3. The general average loss are shared by all parties to the common maritime adventure, each parties contributing proportions depend on his share of total value saved. The parties involved in the common maritime adventure are Shipowner Each consignee The recipient of the freight (Shipowner/ Charterer) When any equipment is installed on the vessel by a third party, he also a party 4. The five major components of a general average loss is th...

1. LOF provides a regime for determining the amount of remuneration to be awarded to salvors for their services in saving property at sea and minimizing or preventing damage to the environment. Originating from the late 1800s, it is probably the most widely used international salvage agreement of its kind in the world today. 2. It is a standard legal document for a proposed salvage operation. 3. It should be used when a marine environment is at risk and the master has insufficient time to request the owner to arrange salvage services on a pre-agreed rate of sum. 4. It is a single sheet(2 pages) document in a simple format(LOF 2000 form). 5. LOF 2000 form contains numbered boxes as below Name of the salvage contractors property to be salved (vessel name) agreed place of safety agreed currency date of agreement place of agreement Is SCOPIC clause is incorporated-- yes/no name and signature of contractor name and signature of master / on behalf of proper...